Technical Abstract: Insects and mites can cause severe crop losses in pecan, Carya illinoensis Wang., K. Koch. Use of broad spectrum insecticides can be harmful to beneficial natural enemy populations (e.g., lady beetles and lacewings) and lead to outbreaks of non-targeted pests (e.g., aphids). Thus, due to lack of target specificity as well as other environmental and regulatory concerns, alternatives to broad spectrum insecticides are necessary. Biologically-based insecticides represent one group of alternative tactics. This paper presents some of the important biologically-based insecticides that are available, or currently being researched, for control of major pecan insect pests, particularly the pecan weevil Curculio caryae (Horn), pecan nut casebearer, Acrobasis nuxvorella Neunzig, and hickory shuckworm, Cydia caryana (Fitch). Insect growth regulators such as tebufenozide, methoxyfenozide, and diflubenzuron, as well as the metabolite-based spinosad, are effective at controlling various lepidopteran pests such as hickory shuckworm, pecan nut casebearer, and fall webworm. Entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi are being studied for their potential to control pecan weevil.